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ОглавлениеUnit 1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Unit 2. DIPLOMACY, NEGOTIATIONS AND BARGAINING Unit 5. WAR AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS Unit 6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Для бесплатного чтения доступна только часть главы! Для чтения полной версии необходимо приобрести книгуSUPPLEMENTARY READINGTEXT 1Is There a Life after an Ambassadorship? LOCK THE DOOR in London. Don’t let the ambassador out. Nothing personal about this, but the historical record shows that if Ray Seitz breaks loose, he has a 1-in-ll chance of stepping into Bill Clinton’s job. Five of Mr. Seitz’s 54 predecessors at the Court of St. James made it to the White House – John Adams, John Quincy Adams, James Monroe, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan. Nicholas Baskey, the minister-counselor for administrative affairs in London, has made a study of this and has established the fact that Al Gore, too, may be in peril. Four Americans who served as chiefs of mission in the United Kingdom are ensconced as well in the history books as vice Presidents of the United States – John Adams and Martin Van Buren, who ascended to that office when someone did leave the door ajar at the embassy, and George Dallas and Charles Dawes, who slipped into the legation after already occupying the vice presidency. If the odds for No. 1 and No. 2 appear too long for Mr. Seitz, he has other options. Mr. Baskey might advise him, “Go for the cabinet.” Ten men who preceded Ambassador Seitz in the British capital are enrolled on the roster of American Secretaries of State. Five have been Attorneys General, three were Secretaries of War, two were Secretaries of Commerce and one was Secretary of Defense. The odds get better for London ambassadors who choose to hold office on Capitol Hill, where nearly half of them have served – 11 in the Senate and 15 in the House of Representatives. Aside to Ray Seitz: It’s risky to run for governor. Only four of your predecessors succeeded in becoming chief executives in a state capital. Would you, Ray, as the father of two sons and a daughter, like to establish a dynasty in London? John Adams did. He was followed to the United Kingdom by his son, John Quincy, and his grandson, Charles Francis. President Lincoln, had he only lived to see it, could have bragged about having his son, Robert Todd Lincoln, in the Court of St. James. But so what? Joseph Kennedy, who held the ambassadorship from 1938 to 1940, sent his son to the White House. Speaking of the odds, Mr. Ambassador, the reality is: don’t bet on your daughter. Among your 54 predecessors, there has been only one woman – Anne Armstrong, who arrived there in 1976, America’s bicentennial year. Mr. Baskey has some advice for you should you decide just to try to cling your position. For that course of action your model should be David K. E. Bruce who hung in there from 1961 to 1969. But look, Ray, you’ve already the history. In a job where more than half your predecessors have been lawyers, you’re the first career Foreign Service officer to attain this position. And you can count on keeping it a while longer – at least until someone checks with Bill Clinton and Al Gore about unlocking the door. Sanford Watzman TEXT 2Women of Fame and Achievement without Rank Women lawyers, judges, scientists, authors, media personalities, actresses, and others who have attained prominence and fame would be placed under existing rules of protocol ‘below the salt with junior officials and such even though, by reason of their experience and achievements, the highest-ranking persons in the room would be delighted to sit with them. This difficulty has been overcome at the White House and the Department of State by the frequent use of round tables so that nonranking women can be seated with ranking guests, but when there is some uncertainty about seating the ranking woman, or when using a U or E- shaped table, it is usual to call the wife of the ranking official and ask if she would object to Ms. Achievement sitting above her. This may sound unfair and even ridiculous to some people but, if it is remembered that protocol is to rank officials among themselves, then it will seem correct. At the time the rules were drawn up provision was not made for women of Fame and achievement; not only were they rare, but they were seldom invited to official functions. Such women held salons of their own or were invited to private parties where protocol was not strictly followed. It should be mentioned here that a convenient device exists in the present rules which has proved helpful in seating persons of achievement who are without rank. This is a maneuver known as “hors de protocol” which allows for someone without official rank but of great achievement to be placed high at the table. If the individual is of sufficient prominence, this maneuver is quickly understood, but sometimes it is not and can lead to complaints and objections. A hostess who is inviting ranking officials and their wives to meet women of achievement is wise to call the top-ranking wife if she is giving the place of honor to the woman without rank. Otherwise she can use round tables and place them at different ones or let people draw slips of paper from a bowl as they walk in which will leave the seating to chance. Why bother with protocol in these situations? Because it signifies recognition of power. The new woman has to be recognized and on her own merits. In the capital city where protocol reigns, women of power and influence should not be left in a corner, but should be placed where they can contribute to the interest and pleasure of the occasion. The new roles of men and women need this recognition. Even though many liberated women thought that protocol was frivolous, they now realize that it confers recognition of their status and are anxious to see that they are not discriminated against. Women are often more sensitive to the nuances of the social scene and it is not only recently that women have started long-lasting feuds over precedence. The most famous was the one between Dolly Gann, sister of Vice President Curtis and Alice Roosevelt Long-worth. Mrs. Gann was her brother’s official hostess and Alice Roosevelt Longworth was wife of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and daughter of a former President. Mrs. Gann considered that she had precedence over Mrs. Longworth and insisted on what she considered her rightful place. Many letters were sent to and from the highest officials and feelings ran very high. The matter was left indefinite and Washington hostesses evaded the issue by never inviting the ladies to the same occasion. TEXT 3Official Calls by the New Ambassador As soon as he has presented his credentials, the new Head of Mission informs the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps and all foreign representatives of the date of the presentation of his credentials and the assumption of his functions. He then proceeds to make the official calls, beginning with the Secretary of State. He will see on that occasion the highest officials of the Department of State. He will then visit his foreign colleagues whose governments are recognized by his own state and those with whose governments his state maintains friendly relations. Appointments should be requested in the order of the Diplomatic List. If the new Head of Mission, on his first visit to a foreign colleague, meets him at his private residence, he will take the opportunity to request to be presented to his wife. If he does not see her, he will leave his visiting card and that of his own wife. Similarly, if his colleague is not at home, the new Head of Mission will leave his visiting card and that of his wife. If his colleague is absent for any length of time, the Head of Mission will visit the Charge d’Affaires. However, when his colleague returns, he will then make his personal visit, the visit to the Charge d’Affaires not being sufficient from the point of view of protocol. Внимание! Авторские права на книгу "Английский язык для специалистов в области международных отношений. Учебное пособие" (Бочарова Е.П., Свиридюк Н.А., Тараненко О.И.) охраняются законодательством! |
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